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A Turkish Air Force F-16 fighter jet shot down a Russian Sukhoi Su-24M bomber aircraft near the Syria–Turkey border on 24 November 2015. According to Turkey, the aircraft was fired upon while in Turkish airspace because it violated the border up to a depth of for about 17 seconds after being warned to change its heading 10 times over a period of five minutes.〔 The Russia Defence Ministry denied the aircraft ever left Syrian airspace, counter-claiming that their satellite data showed that the Sukhoi was about inside Syrian airspace when it was shot down. The U.S. State Department said that the U.S. independently confirmed that the aircraft's flight path violated Turkish territory, and that the Turks gave multiple warnings to the pilot, to which they received no response.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Daily Press Briefing - November 30, 2015 - RUSSIA/TURKEY )〕 The Turkish government also said that it did not know the nationality of the aircraft at the time of the incident.〔〔 Russian president Vladimir Putin said that the U.S. knew the flight path of the Russian jet and should have informed Turkey; two U.S. officials said that Russia did not inform the U.S. military of its jet's flight plan.〔Phil Stewart, (Russia didn't give downed jet's flight plan to U.S.: U.S. officials ), Reuters (November 27, 2015).〕 The Russian pilot and weapon systems officer both ejected from the aircraft. The weapon systems officer was rescued;〔 the pilot was shot and killed by ground fire while parachuting in mid-air by Syrian Turkmen rebels. A Russian naval infantryman from the search-and-rescue team launched to retrieve the two airmen was also killed when a rescue helicopter was shot down by the rebels.〔 The shootdown was the first destruction of a Russian or Soviet Air Forces warplane by a NATO member state since the Korean War.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A NATO Country Just Shot Down a Russian Warplane for the First Time Since the Cold War )〕 Reactions to the incident included harsh denunciation from Russia and an attempt to defuse the situation by NATO afterwards. Russia deployed the guided missile cruiser ''Moskva'' armed with S-300F (SA-N-6 Grumble) long-range SAM missiles off the Syrian coast near Latakia and S-400 (SA-21 Growler) mobile SAM systems to Khmeimim airbase. ==Background== After the 2012 shooting down of a Turkish jet by Syrian forces, Turkey changed its rules of engagement and said it would consider all "military elements" approaching from Syria an enemy threat and would act accordingly. Turkish Prime Minister Erdoğan said that brief incursions should not trigger an attack. Russia is one of several countries directly involved in the Syrian conflict. On 30 September 2015, Russia began its air campaign against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and other anti-government forces. In early October, Turkey and NATO protested against what they saw as Russia's deliberate violations of Turkish airspace. The Russian Defence Ministry admitted that a Russian Su-30 aircraft had entered Turkish airspace "for a few seconds" because of bad weather, adding that measures had been taken to prevent a repeat of such incidents. From 3–15 October, five discussions between senior ranking officials from Turkey and Russia occurred, concerning Turkish rules of engagement and Russian violations of Turkish airspace. On 19 November, Russian Ambassador to Turkey Andrei Karlov and the Russian military attaché Colonel Andrei Victorovich Dovger were summoned by Turkey.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.turkey.mid.ru/eng/vat.html )〕 Russia, who was criticised by Turkey for having conducted operations near the Turkish border, a region inhabited by Syrian Turkmen and largely free of ISIL (though al-Nusra Front, the al-Qaeda affiliate in Syria, is present in the region),〔 was notified that Turkey's rules of engagement were in place and it would react to any violations of its border security. Turkey also warned Russia that it would not be indifferent to "attacks targeting the life security of Turkmen" in the Bayırbucak area. The preceding week Turkey had called for the UN Security Council to discuss attacks against Turkish-backed Turkmens. Approximately 1,700 people had fled the area in the previous three days due to battles between Syrian government forces and anti-government Syrian Turkmen and al-Nusra Front fighters.〔 Russia has bombed the area near the Turkish border to support Syrian government forces.〔 Syrian Turkmen formed their own armed brigades in opposition to the Syrian government of President Bashar al-Assad, loosely affiliated with other rebels such as the Free Syrian Army. The Turkmen brigades also cooperate with the al-Qaeda's Syrian affiliate al-Nusra Front and the Salafi coalition known as Ahrar al-Sham.〔 In Latakia the Turkish-supported rebels formed the Jabal al-Turkman Brigade.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-34910389 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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